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From the
The Singularity Institute, a more complete definition:
The Singularity is the technological
creation of smarter-than-human intelligence.
There are several technologies that
are often mentioned as heading in this direction. The
most commonly mentioned is probably Artificial
Intelligence, but there are others: direct
brain-computer interfaces, biological augmentation of
the brain, genetic engineering, ultra-high-resolution
scans of the brain followed by computer emulation.
Some of these technologies seem likely
to arrive much earlier than the others, but there are
nonetheless several independent technologies all heading
in the direction of the Singularity - several different
technologies, which, if they reached a threshold level
of sophistication, would enable the creation of
smarter-than-human intelligence.
A future that contains
smarter-than-human minds is genuinely different in a way
that goes beyond the usual visions of a future filled
with bigger and better gadgets.
Vernor Vinge originally coined the term "Singularity"
in observing that, just as our model of physics breaks
down when it tries to model the singularity at the
center of a black hole, our model of the world breaks
down when it tries to model a future that contains
entities smarter than human.
Human intelligence is the
foundation of human technology; all technology is
ultimately the product of intelligence.
If technology can turn around and
enhance intelligence, this closes the loop, creating a
positive feedback effect.
Combine faster intelligence, smarter
intelligence, and recursively self-improving
intelligence, and the result is an event so huge that
there are no metaphors left. There's nothing remaining
to compare it to.
The Singularity is beyond huge, but it
can begin with something small.
If one smarter-than-human intelligence
exists, that mind will find it easier to create still
smarter minds. In this respect the dynamic of the
Singularity resembles other cases where small causes can
have large effects; toppling the first domino in a
chain, starting an avalanche with a pebble, perturbing
an upright object balanced on its tip.
(Human technological civilization
occupies a metastable state in which the Singularity is
an attractor; once the system starts to flip over to the
new state, the flip accelerates.)
All it takes is ONE technology - Artificial Intelligence,
brain-computer interfaces, or perhaps
something unforeseen- that advances to the point of
creating smarter-than-human minds.
That ONE technological advance is the
equivalent of the first self-replicating chemical that
gave rise to life on Earth.
[A very large statement indeed.]
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